Snoring & Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Snoring & Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Snoring is something many people experience from time to time, but when it happens regularly it may point to an underlying issue affecting breathing during sleep. In some cases, persistent snoring can be associated with a condition known as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
Obstructive sleep apnoea occurs when the airway becomes partially or completely blocked while a person is sleeping. This can interrupt normal breathing and may lead to short pauses in airflow during the night. These interruptions can reduce oxygen levels and disturb the body’s natural sleep cycle.
It’s common for individuals with untreated sleep apnoea to report feeling tired, despite a full night’s sleep. However, experiences can vary, and professional assessment is essential. While snoring itself may seem harmless, ongoing symptoms should be assessed so the cause can be better understood.
Dentists sometimes notice signs that suggest a patient may be at risk of sleep-related breathing concerns, particularly when examining the mouth, jaw, and airway space.
What Can Contribute to Snoring?
Snoring does not usually have a single cause. Instead, it is often linked to a combination of physical features, lifestyle habits, or airway conditions.
Mouth and Jaw Structure
The shape of the mouth and the position of the jaw can influence how easily air moves through the throat during sleep. A narrower airway, a larger tongue, or a relaxed soft palate may increase the chance of vibration in the airway, which produces the sound of snoring. In children, jaw development and oral structure may also affect breathing patterns at night.
Sleeping Position
Many people notice that snoring becomes more noticeable when sleeping on their back. In this position, gravity can allow the tongue and soft tissues to fall slightly toward the back of the throat, which may narrow the airway.
Airway Blockages
Enlarged tonsils or adenoids are a common reason for snoring, particularly in younger patients. When these tissues occupy more space in the throat, they can reduce airflow during sleep.
Nasal Concerns
Breathing through the nose can also be affected by certain conditions. Ongoing sinus congestion, a deviated septum, or enlarged nasal structures may make nasal breathing more difficult and lead to mouth breathing while asleep.
Body Weight
Excess weight around the neck and throat can place additional pressure on the airway. This may make it easier for the airway to collapse slightly during sleep, which can contribute to snoring or breathing interruptions.
Possible Signs of Sleep Apnoea
Possible Signs of Sleep Apnoea
Sleep apnoea involves repeated pauses or reductions in breathing during sleep. These events may last several seconds and can occur many times throughout the night, often without the person realising it.
Some signs that may be associated with sleep apnoea include:
Loud or frequent snoring
Pauses in breathing noticed by a partner
Gasping or choking sounds during sleep
Feeling unusually tired during the day
Morning headaches
Difficulty concentrating or reduced alertness
In children, disrupted sleep may sometimes present as irritability, restlessness, or difficulty focusing during the day.
Assessing for Sleep Apnoea
If snoring is frequent or accompanied by other symptoms, an assessment may help determine whether further investigation is needed. During a dental examination, certain features of the mouth and jaw can sometimes indicate a higher risk of airway restriction.
If sleep apnoea is suspected, patients may be referred to a sleep physician for further evaluation. This often involves a sleep study, which records breathing patterns, oxygen levels, and sleep stages overnight.
In some situations, an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist may also be involved to assess whether any structural airway concerns are contributing to the problem.
Treatment and Management Options
The most suitable management approach depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In many cases, treatment involves collaboration between dental and medical professionals.
Mandibular Advancement Device
A custom dental appliance may be recommended for certain patients. This device is worn while sleeping and gently positions the lower jaw forward, which may help keep the airway more open.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
For people diagnosed with moderate to severe sleep apnoea, a sleep physician may recommend CPAP therapy. This treatment uses a mask worn during sleep to deliver a steady flow of air that helps prevent the airway from closing.
ENT Management
If enlarged tonsils, adenoids, or nasal structural issues are identified, an ENT specialist may recommend treatment options to improve airflow.
Lifestyle Adjustments
In some situations, small lifestyle changes may help reduce snoring. These may include adjusting sleeping positions, maintaining a healthy weight, and limiting alcohol consumption before bedtime.
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